For the EU exam, up to week 3
| Front | 103/88 Fratelli Constanzo SpA v Comune di Milano 1988 |
| Back | Italian case whose ruling expanded the state to include organs of the state. An example of a case showing the formal obligation of directive implementation |
| Front | C-34/73 Variola |
| Back | Judgement clarified that "owing to its very nature and its place in the system of sources of community law, a regulation has immediate effect"Essentially states that because EU regulations are directly applicable, they do not have to be brought in at the national level as it is already law |
| Front | C-39/70 Norddeutsches Vieh und Fleishchkontor GmbH v Hauptzollamt Hamburg St. Annen |
| Back | Judgement clarified that a "detailed regulation can be subject to even more detailed national legislation where that legislation is necessary for the proper execution of the regulation"Essentially established the fact that so long as no part of the regulation is removed, domestic legislation can add further onto regulations |