all of physics paper 1 for GCSE Pearson Edexcel exam board. mainly derived from the specification.
| Front | Energy dissipation |
| Back | Energy spreads to surroundings, mostly as unusable thermal energy. |
| Front | How can reflection and refraction be investigated using ray diagrams? |
| Back | Reflection: Use a plane mirror to observe the reflection of a light ray. The angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection (Law of Reflection). Draw the incident ray and reflected ray to illustrate this. Refraction: Use a glass block and shine a light ray at an angle. Measure the angle of incidence and angle of refraction as the light passes from air into glass. The light will bend towards the normal due to a change in speed as it enters the denser medium. Draw both rays and normal line to show the bending effect. Measurement: Use a protractor to measure angles accurately. The experiment shows how light changes direction at interfaces between different media. |
| Front | Newton’s Second Law |
| Back | Force = mass × acceleration |