for all topics
| Front | Recall: Altering livestock farming practices to increase gross and/or net productivity |
| Back | Reduce respiratory losses:- Reduced movement- Warm enviornmentIncrease gross productivity:- Feeding controlled so less indigestible compounds which also reduce faecal waste- Exclusion of predators & prevention of infectious disease from outside sources- Selective breeding of animals for high yield- The use of hormones to increase growth rates |
| Text | What types of adaptations do pioneer species have that colonise bare sand have?{{c1::Xerophytic}}{{c1::Halophytic}}Give two examples of pioneer species that colonise bare sand?{{c1::Couch Grass}}{{c1::Marram Grass}}How do these pioneer species broaden their niche?{{c2::They form a dense network of roots that binds sand together.}}{{c2::They act as a wind break which reduces the wind speed therefore the water potential of the air becomes less negative.}}{{c2::They die and decompose thereby increasing the organic content of the soil (humus)}} |
| Extra |
| Front | A booster dose of vaccine is required to provide long-term immunity. Suggest why. (1) |
| Back | Ensures memory cells produced; |