Pathology of Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases
Pathology
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Sample Data
| Text | Emphysema - defined as lung condition characterized by {{c1::irreversible airspace enlargement}} distal to the terminal bronchiole, accompanied by destruction of alveolar walls WITHOUT {{c1::obvious fibrosis (this would be ILD)}}Categorized based on predominant site of tissue destruction: 1. {{c1::Centriacinar or centrilobular (~95%)}} - centered around respiratory bronchiole/ distal alveoli spared 2. {{c1::Panacinar or panlobular}} - dilation of entire acinus 3. {{c1::Distal acinar}} 4. {{c1::Irregular}}Note lobule and acinus part below
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| Text | Complications of COPD •{{c1::Pulmonary hypertension}} •{{c1::Cor pulmonale}} - heart failure secondary to respiratory failure (specifically affects {{c1::right ventricle}}) •{{c1::Pneumothorax (emphysema)}} (ruptured blebs or bullae) |
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| Text | Bronchiectasis - *dilated or thickened airways•Definition: {{c1::permanent}} dilatation of bronchi resulting from or associated with chronic necrotizing infections•May also be associated with: {{c1::Obstruction}} (tumor, foreign objects), {{c1::Hereditary conditions}} (cystic fibrosis, immotile cilia syndrome etc.) •{{c1::Obstruction}} and {{c1::infection}} are major factors •If post-obstructive, usually restricted to the area of obstruction •Cardinal clinical sign is {{c1::persistent cough}} with expectoration of foul-smelling or bloody {{c1::sputum}} Can be diffuse or localized:
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