Pathology MRCS
Pathology
Pathology MRCS
Sample Data
| Front | Frozen Section. |
| Back | It’s a pathological laboratory procedure to perform rapid microscopic analysis of a specimen.The surgical specimen is placed on a metal tissue disc which is then secured in a chuck and frozen rapidly to about -20 to -30 °C. The specimen is embedded in a gel like medium called OCT and consisting of poly ethylene glycol and polyvinyl alcohol. Subsequently, it is cut frozen with the microtome portion of the cryostat, the section is picked up on a glass slide and stained (usually with hematoxylin and eosin, the H&E stain).The result is reported back to theater.Paraffin based histopathology is not used intraoperatively, as it takes a week for paraffin to embed through the tissues. |
| Front | How CKD causes Secondary Hyperparathyroidism. |
| Back | CKD can result in → reduced renal phosporus clearance → hyperphosphotemia → increased FGF-23 → promotes vitamin D resistance & reduces 1α hydroxylase activity → hypocalcemia → secondary hyperparathyroidism.
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| Front | Factors Increase the Risk of Wound Infection. |
| Back | Operative factors:Contamination.Poor skin preparation.Inadequate debridement.Inapproperiate or inadequate antibiotic therapy.Poor ventilation.Suboptimal thermoregulation.Patients factors:Age.Comorbidities.Steroids or immunosuppressant therapy.Malnutrition (undernutrition or obesity). |