| Front | limitations of the dependency ratio |
| Back | crude measure - the working population may include students and disabled people who might not be earning any incomesome ageing pop continue to work until their bodies cannot support themsome youth may be working but are not included in the dependent pop |
| Front | tiers of core-periphery model |
| Back | core - HICsemi-periphery - MICperiphery - LIC |
| Front | features of china's policy |
| Back | promote late marriagesproviding affordable birth control and contraceptivesabortion is legalizedmore lenient on ethnic minoritesfarmers are allowed to apply for a second child if the first was a girl |