United States Constitution - amendments and articles - AnkiDeckLib

Most Americans only have a vague sense of The United States Constitution. I was in that group, so I decided to create this deck. It started out as just a handful of the amendments, but I kept adding to the deck, and now it comprises all 27 amendments, the 7 articles and a few other misc. facts. There are two types of cards, cloze cards (with refs) and just a few (optional) cards for memorizing some of the more commonly litigated amendments. The cloze cards quiz you on the year the amendment was ratified, the amendment/article number and basically what the amendment concerns. On the answer side there are some "extra" interesting facts that borrow heavily from Wikipedia under the public domain license (and a link directly to the wiki article is included on every card). My advice is to turn on just one new card per day, and in just 4 or 5 months you will know the constitution. Keep the "memorize" sub-deck off until you are ready, and then study just one card at a time. If you have any questions or concerns you can email me using PGP. If you do not know what that is, it is time to learn!! PGP is a free secure email "add-on". Mailvelope and enigmail are good starting points. (and I don't want to post my email in plain text here!) My pgp public key (for email) is: -----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK----- mQINBFevhdkBEAC9vFIEQ1uj0utsDukvq01pM+fWmvCSS7Bv0oKZzMsvNjY4stZW wAtFMl1RjKk5lU2H+qeKBUrbca70K6EzkjqnwVR1CBjvdn1bpPyyW5Gw6pzauZt5 h8pEs3jIUI9pTG3Y0xjKzC+opeyj8TsstEeI590M8kv8EBg74ngCq1tXbtgvBbPP k6c6WMzY8OyB8u0pRhrARMJOiOJ4sl9uBCZ9zzttpw/NaucWqU8bXKYqazW/gOph 0G65WM5HOwsiSCteJ+9cQ3NTucHAVFyfxJkdls1Mex40p6Zd425UcCQ/2kYQ0e/W c72W8iCibmaY/gexhq85enVCihu3MQs/24IBny6U10Tp27z9AukqfUjGE95MSHXB 2bdb8TK/U3XVDM1tFSKXuwALZXOcbdcI2k8m3IY5I37R+Y5qTLFlAO1zDP6p9StN SXXTpRvcSoRGn0WHcpCrJKB/UTg3zy9VMcAI+mpwXeQo66+eUJ5UolIHk5ydm0Dt QAUy4HhpC1nFwCq4ghWnRUHEme8MFeVVfSlcUFeHukwcSRcU8MsH9SQGWpDLIbqY Cc4UGp11TZGvpBKnHI863QIHqkmXQDknioZ5qaN+aUpXaCoXXf++2O7qyCjbHU5A kEbRW+v5NDvi6cLmLKVV5EEo07BSfxCJ08sUIY68bXGPnNy8+DqGtwHl8QARAQAB tC9XaW5zdG9uIFNtaXRoIDx3aW5zdG9uc21pdGhAbWluaXN0cnlvZnRydXRoLnB3 PokCPgQTAQIAKAUCV6+F2QIbIwUJBaOagAYLCQgHAwIGFQgCCQoLBBYCAwECHgEC F4AACgkQtjz+B1VpupB0xRAApVm5zaK5/oKz4z7mWIFZJLTs/JdzYE9U64Q9eK8K iOhhbm+eok8ctZ13xtCTDdJRdEO1Wj3dS2N/Xzay7C6UYJ0XQQgJ8vylKnovAv85 vsJdP7TjjQl/eE3bJy6eAa5a2cpU/qHMTvk5yjnfgGW8rcQvePhvlMQ8td9sRiVX NNwLJAbcDc3xxILCS215LT+vMSPnrKdKsCQUSc/BQF/C3OBLbHkvGiJGRAhe59su GAqqyrh98KNnlbqso1DbF5r3BQUEnUez7LIqgJltCs1Zl3S6LtB8PaDZnqnP0OE4 1BxlDJzaFqam7zghlKAYxejQ0GwMVezpTsLimomL0VfiLmxkf2Swae00uSAmNk4r tYdlr3bTJPANvwwPGuwKYykJlBLIwYk/3WNyZpUGzXtvvBEv/05rS8a+Tr7b/J5U aZ7PP5u0nEUrrgXJJu6fvPGzbARVtod+jUqTiJ3QnkexMOzODt6T/J2AC5QBDGpn GpLkgpZ/EEOXMEO+wOb0QC6CGRQBxD9boT35YWFWUBcHdZStcOz74zQRMOJ5wAUX VynHbOjak4ZmTd+G21S1DrigMFqBUmzyyj2O4TVVHyu5vP/K/foRvwgyzUgNeGW+ vhTza/P7w0hCYTn0Dfhy7/0Wn+ziwWdAQ0fApknpgnSPY0UugLUQtGnuKmLPOFwg c4S5Ag0EV6+F2QEQANjg41taaR5sglFmXjQ2C5N97agMJW63bbxwLU5LgKQ7o2cf HLMiewpahDbe869iCgG8GUSSj0zUi+UTdP992sMCCxqXFmu3Ylq81mVSjGi8l0Ri TBfEC0VaV/TVwjeIcRsQRq8rzDJqpUP6nQcVnThGl9EDepsT1a6zoNn294BzH9SL Z8H+SqKbSfAk7iGzbcWyBmMR19WLvFa8mNJW+yQ3z379Lo1PNUVnM9vL4GK/PTDM q7n6/5SoqTM2xDDT2PMKAfuBAuuVM5m3dLLuTFSMsgEhfM1t96cygd83mrEi4IOe kRq1jeurUb9KDu3WJEM/j+WInesYcIM439bNO4xDS5Mf/ETPHkBTsspFhCCCT5Pc v13Mq6FAd2i4eu/UF7Zsnt7teykGFVlRfkYZgwEuqwO9NOhc/lHejrx9I1XO77Pi fTNVFeUce+PGvAjPyGCN3Rhz+6/OXJ3HO8MtT32UZTxLUwta9Hnn5OPTOXjduXhT b+9zvCaaGwKIguTxIHJqDPoOSF2VkphJoDZA2w+QcmhYY0MZw6CPzb6Z4aAGS56h rUTrMLhCW9azNPmwzsWrSiMfjsnpSOjXLV36ZOT1eaDt3vO4KybYvryJqyNxbnnT 3sRdPtYqP0fIebjObA2A+2GJU+4B6r+7E4zkygaKHCJMLJKdyUBBkfeZ/DN7ABEB AAGJAiUEGAECAA8FAlevhdkCGwwFCQWjmoAACgkQtjz+B1VpupBSxQ/9GmHRgryd +APCTrsO/2jJ9hY+hIpYz4RQT0Jb65/+NF5kYJtBKGFs/KzhPiLVW5VuhsGxLa1K 1ZvoNkn0s4lVZFrHVRAwZgVia4zMtqdIo3vjOCNbjp151oksyXxEatMQUHjQ5Trc PcCelAg6Pn8xseT8MxMdJwXfyUlNivMwU4YJczopSoW3I12xaNl4zrassO4wytvw UKpE9ZI1fCOlhwdF0l404dJcoJzOGedvlw4cYTvHSMnt8uUaTZD0e6q5Lrk9O4aV o32m1Ff2coKMN19VRY767iy4O9vBkspsZbF1PfuXTCAHjEI1iQyhQRm3d/2u5O46 xXuH8337xPAZDDd+kmAHm2YLPSo4A4SQyxfwUghtqS1XJfmioxUhQnUXBEcnE29T AjrdH9Vl0rQvF3psy4C7tRfqGpDhbGfUucCe43p0g3RK4z4g+JJauRJYoNXcz6Il 3AvqJFpkCLU/Zm2L/ZYryUAxoZUwOzk7ROyeyaBY0jFRh8ZshBa11AzQ4yoohCF2 YxElGcslTHbVWEfeQu/uqvG/l5+LgW90yOIQtIvPayO28jnsWE1rjmtJS3PourOC EYsXB688gAPnMlwdoFYGwkFAaz442juwYJzIPtH9VNcbbiav9Y54xUnceq4RwaLF ru5Med6onp1Ro1y8MvGoSonfQFcIMNh7rfc= =p+8n -----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----

Text	{{c1::The Lemon Test}} - {{c3::1971::year}}An action is an establishment of religion "if a statute violates any of these three principles:"1) {{c2::the statute (or practice) lacked a secular purpose}}2) {{c4::its principal or primary effect advanced or inhibited religion}} or3) {{c5::it fostered an excessive government entanglement with religion.}}
Extra	From Wikipedia:In Walz v. Tax Commission (1970), the Court ruled that a legitimate action could not entangle government with religion; in Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971), these points were combined into the Lemon test.The Lemon test has been criticized by justices and legal scholars, but it remains the predominant means by which the Court enforces the Establishment Clause of the 1st Amendment.
Link1	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_v._Kurtzman#Lemon_test
Link2	http://usgovinfo.about.com/library/weekly/aa052600b.htm
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Text	Constitution:{{c1::The Preamble}} {{c2::We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.}}
Extra	From Wikipedia:was placed in the Constitution during the last days of the Constitutional Convention by the Committee on Style, which wrote its final draft. It was not proposed nor discussed on the floor of the convention beforehand.
Link1	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preamble_to_the_United_States_Constitution
Link2	http://www.ranker.com/list/the-9-most-frequently-ignored-parts-of-the-us-constitution/barbara-gaston
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Text	Constitution: {{c1::16th}} Amendment{{c3::1913::year}} - {{c2::Income taxThe Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration.}}
Extra	From Wikipedia:Until 1913, customs duties (tariffs) and excise taxes were the primary sources of federal revenue. During the War of 1812, Secretary of the Treasury Alexander J. Dallas made the first public proposal for an income tax, but it was never implemented.The Congress did introduce an income tax to fund the Civil War through the Revenue Act of 1861, which expired in 1872, proved to be both highly lucrative and drawing mostly from the more industrialized states, with New York, Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts generating about 60 percent of the total revenue that was collected.One of the stumbling blocks advocates of Prohibition faced before 1913 was that the federal government was heavily dependent on taxes on alcohol, therefore its passage was widely supported by "the drys" since the passage of the 16th amendment that year allowed government the luxury of banning alcohol without reducing tax revenue.2
Link1	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sixteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution
Link2	http://taxfoundation.org/blog/how-taxes-enabled-alcohol-prohibition-and-also-led-its-repeal
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United States Constitution - amendments and articles

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