Complete Chemistry A Level Flashcards

Chemistry
I have made these flashcards through my 2 years as an A-Level student. I used the specification, textbooks, school notes, youtube videos to make these flashcards.

Sample Data

Front What is a dipole?
Back A dipole is a difference in charge between two atoms caused by a shift in the electron density in the bond between them
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Front What are substituted alkenes?
Back -An alkene where one of the hydrogen atoms has been swapped for another atom or group-Eg if you swap a hydrogen atom for chlorine atom, you get chloroethane
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Front Explain benzene's stability compared to cyclohexa-1,3,5-triene
Back -Benzene is actually more stable than the theoretical alternative cyclohexa-1,3,5-triene (the alternating single and double bond model)-If we hydrogenate cyclohexene, it has an enthalpy change of -120kJmol-1 (1 double bond), benzene has 3 doubles the theoretical is hence an enthalpy change of hydrogenation of -360kJmol-1-In reality, the experimental value is -208Kjmol-1 vs the predicted -360kjmol-1-Bond enthalpy shows its less exothermic, hence more energy is required to break bonds in bezene than cyclohexa-1,3,5-triene, this means its more stable (due to the delocalised electron structure)
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