agreement, offer and acceptance and certainty
| Front | Acceptance by Conduct |
| Back | Topic Sentence: Acceptance can be inferred from conduct if actions clearly indicate agreement to the offer's terms.Key Case:Brogden v Metropolitan Railway Co (1887):Facts: A draft agreement for coal supply was amended by the supplier and returned to the buyer, who placed it in a file without formal acceptance.Decision: By continuing to order and receive coal, the buyer accepted the amended terms through conduct. |
| Front | Unilateral Contracts and Communication Waivers |
| Back | Topic Sentence: Acceptance in unilateral contracts does not require communication unless explicitly stated.Key Case:Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball [1893]: Acceptance occurred upon performance of conditions; notification was impliedly waived. |
| Front | Stipulating Modes of Acceptance |
| Back | Topic Sentence: Offerors may specify mandatory modes of acceptance, but clear language is required.Key Cases:Manchester Diocesan Council v Commercial Investments [1970]: A specified method is permissive unless expressly mandatory.Siemens Hearing Instruments Ltd v Friends Life Ltd [2014]: Use of "must" indicates mandatory compliance. |