| Front | What is the Keck ruling? |
| Back | In Keck and Mithouard, a rule that forbade reselling products at a loss was upheld. It doesn’t affect foreign companies any more than national ones- it’s just a rule limiting the way products are sold rather than one which affects the way you make the product. |
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| Front | What is the principle of subsidiarity? |
| Back | Applies in areas where EU doesn't have exclusive competence.Here, if it is deemed that MS' laws alone won't achieve effective implementation of the law, EU law must be created. |
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| Front | What is the Principle of Conferral? |
| Back | Union cannot assume powers not written into the treaties.MS have to confer competences onto the Union |
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