Deck for a typical introductory biology class
| Front | Explain the 6 key events in evolutionary history. |
| Back | 1) First Life (3.5 BYA)Stromatolites, layered rocks formed of prokaryotic biolfilms. These were the only organisms around for 1.5 BY.2) Changing Atmosphere (2.5 BYA)There was very little oxygen in early atmosphere. The great oxygenation was due to photosynthetic life creating oxygen.Many anaerobic prokaryotes were killed by the greater oxygen concentration in the atmosphere.Cellular respiration evolved, using oxygen as the final electron receptor in the ETC.3) First Eukaryotes (1.8 BYA)The development of protists from serial endosymbiosis.4) The Origin of Multi-Cellularity (1.2 BYA)Earliest multicellular eukaryote was red algea.Larger, mire diverse multicellular organisms appear 600 MYA. This era is the Ediacaran Biota.5) Cambrian Explosion (700-500 MYA)Rapid evolution of predators/prey and consequently, hardbody organisms.6) Colonizing Land (500 MYA)Plants and fungi colonize first (500 MYA), then arthropods (450 MYA), then tetrapods (365 MYA). |
| Front | What are the two phyla of deuterostomes, and what are their respectives clades? |
| Back | Echinoderms: sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea lillies, sea cucumbers. Chordates: |
| Front | What are the two types of cones in gymnosperms and what are the differences? |
| Back | Pollen cones: Scales are microsporophylls (sperm/pollen)Ovulate cones: Scales are stem tissue (eggs) |