GCSE AQA Chemistry
Chemistry
These flashcards cover all the GCSE AQA Chemistry specification points. For PAGs, I would recommend using PMT / SaveMyExams.
Sample Data
| Front | What are the disadvantages of nanoparticles (in terms of human health)? |
| Back | The use of nanoparticles in science is in its early stages so there are still a lot of unknown factors and potential risks.In particular there is a lack of understanding on how they may affect health.Although there haven’t been any serious short term side effects, there could be long term side effects which we haven’t detected yet as they haven’t been in use long enough.Even a small amount of toxicity in a particular nanoparticle would be multiplied due to the high surface area to volume ratio.This coupled with the fact that they are not easily disposed of by the body are a cause for caution in the medical application of nanoparticles.Breathing in tiny particles could damage the lungs (and enter the bloodstream - unpredictable effect on our cells) |
| Front | Describe the process of simple distillation. |
| Back | A solution is heated and boiled to evaporate the solvent. The vapour given off then enters a condenser (this is an outer glass tube with water flowing that acts as a cooling jacket).Here the hot vapour is cooled and condensed back into a liquid for collection in a receiving vessel (e.g. beaker).Any dissolved solids remain in the heated flask. |
| Front | Explain the difference between thermosoftening and thermosetting polymers in terms of their structures. |
| Back | thermosoftening: forces between polymer chains are weak --> when heat polymer, weak intermolecular forces broken --> polymer becomes soft --> when polymer cools down, intermolecular forces bring polymer molecules back together --> polymer hardens again*thermosetting: monomers make covalent bonds between polymer chains when first heated in order to shape them - strong covalent bonds, stop polymer softening - covalent 'cross-links' between chains don't allow them to separate - even if heated strongly, polymer won't soften, but will eventually char at high enough temperatures*this type of polymer can be remoulded
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