| Front | Preparation of Carboxylic AcidsFrom primary alcoholsFrom aldehydesFrom nitriles |
| Back | From primary alcoholsConditions:Heat under Refluxc. H2SO4 + K2Cr2O7 [$$]RCH_2OH + 2[O] \rightarrow RCOOH + H_2O[/$$]From aldehydesConditions:Heat under Refluxc. H2SO4 + K2Cr2O7[$$]RCHO + [O] \rightarrow RCOOH[/$$]From nitrileswith acid:[$$]RCN + 2H_2O + HCl \rightarrow RCOOH + NH_4Cl[/$$]with base: [$$]RCN + H_2O + NaOH \rightarrow RCOONa + NH_3[/$$][$$]RCOONa + HCl \rightarrow RCOOH + NaCl[/$$] |
| Tags | Carboxylic Derivatives |
| Front | Reactions of Acid AnhydridesWaterPrimary AlcoholsAmmoniaPrimary Amides |
| Back | Water[$$]RCOOCOR + H_2O \rightarrow 2RCOOH [/$$]Primary Alcohols[$$]RCOOCOR + R^{,}OH \rightarrow RCOOR^{,} + RCOOH[/$$]Ammonia[$$]RCOOCOR + NH_3 \rightarrow RCONH_2 + RCOOH[/$$]Primary Amines[$$]RCOOCOR + R^{,}NH_2 \rightarrow RCONHR^{,} + RCOOH[/$$] |
| Tags | Carboxylic Derivatives |
| Front | Thin Layer ChromatographyMethodAnalysisUses |
| Back | MethodSample is placed on a thin support/silica plate (stationary phase) in a closed beakerSuitable solvent used (mobile phase) which is only filled below the pencil lineWait until the solvent front nearly reaches the topAnalysisMeasure Rf by outlining spots and solvent front.[$$]R_f = \frac{Distance\,from\,line\,to\,spot}{Distance\,from\,line\,to\,front} 2.d.p[/$$]UseComplete or incomplete reactionsNumber of products/purity |
| Tags | Chromatography |