Markscheme-specific flashcards, helped me get an A* in Biology.
| Front | describe the generation of action potential |
| Back | 1. stimulus: Na+ channels open and membrane permeability to Na+ increases which causes Na+ to diffuse into the axon down an electrochemical gradient, causing depolarisation2. depolarisation: if threshold potential is reached an action potential is generated, this is because more voltage-gated Na+ channels open and therefore, more Na+ diffuses in rapidly3. repolarisation: voltage-gated Na+ channels close and voltage-gated K+ channels open causing K+ diffuse out of the axon 4. hyperpolarisation: K+ channels are slow to close so there's a slight overshoot as too many K+ diffuse out5. resting potential is restored by the Na+/K+ pump |
| Front | how are the products from the hydrolysis of ATP useful in reactions |
| Back | hydrolysis of atp can be coupled to energy- requiring reactions within cells inorganic phosphate released during hydrolysis of atp can be used to phosphorylate other compounds making them more reactive |
| Front | role of courship in species recognition |
| Back | recognise members of own speciesrecognise members of opposite secidentify a mate capable of breedingform a pair bond leading to sucessful mating and raising of offpspring |