| Symbol | ɾ |
| Name | Alveolar Flap |
| Notes | "Flapped R". American English t and d are pronounced this way typically between vowels, when the first vowel is stressed: kitty, atom, leader, liter, ladder. This is the sound of Spanish single r when it is not at the beginning of a syllable: pero, bruto, dar. |
| Sound | [non-mp3 audio] |
| Ref | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolar_tap |
| Symbol | d |
| Name | Voiced Aveolar Plosive |
| Notes | Alveolar stop. English dad. Spanish d is not alveolar but dental, and it is only found after nasal, l, or pause: [d̪] |
| Sound | [non-mp3 audio] |
| Ref | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_plosive |
| Symbol | t͡s |
| Name | Voiceless Alveolar Affricate |
| Notes | Sounds like English cats, but in English this is a combination of two sounds: [ts]. Old Spanish used to have this sound, written ç or c: çielo, coraçon. Eventually, about 300 years ago it became [θ] in northern Spain and [s] in parts of southern Spain and in all of the the Americas. It's typically written without the ligature on top and as a single unit symbol: [ʦ]. |
| Sound | [non-mp3 audio] |
| Ref | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_affricate |